Thursday, February 24, 2011

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Why not fulfilled the prediction of Keynes on the journey of three hours.

Can you eat money? How much is enough?
The economic downturn has produced an explosion of popular anger against the "greed" of bankers and their bonuses "obscene", which has been accompanied by broader critique of "development": the pursuit of economic development or the accumulation of wealth at all costs, regardless of the harm caused to the environment of the Earth or shared values. John Maynard Keynes
addressed this issue in 1930 in his short essay "Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren." Keynes predicted that after 100 years ie in 2030 - growth in the developed world would have stopped in fact, because people would have "enough" to lead a good life. " Paid working hours be reduced to three a day, a week of fifteen hours. Human beings would be more like the "lilies of the valley that neither work nor spin."
Keynes's prediction was based on the assumption that a 2% annual increase in the capital, a 1% increase in productivity and a stable population, the average living standards would increase by an average of eight This allows us to calculate Keynes thought that was how [enough] . GDP per capita in the United Kingdom at the end of the decade to 1920 (before the crash of 1929) was 5,200 pounds (8,700 dollars), approximately, at current value. So estimated GDP per capita of 40,000 pounds (66,000 dollars), approximately, would be "sufficient" for humans to focus their attention on something more enjoyable. It is not clear why Keynes thought that the average British national income multiplied by eight would be "enough." It is most likely to adopt as a criterion of adequacy of the bourgeois rentier income of the period, which were about ten times higher than the average worker.
Eighty years later, the developed world has come close to the goal of Keynes. In 2007 (ie before the crash), the IMF reported that the average GDP per capita in the United States amounted to $ 47,000 and the United Kingdom with 46,000. In other words, the living standards of the United Kingdom has increased fivefold since 1930, although two of the rebuttal of Keynes's assumptions: that there would be the "major wars" or "population growth" (in the UK population is 33 percent higher than in 1930).
The reason we have prospered so much is that the increase Annual productivity has been higher than projected by Keynes: 1.6%, approximately, in the UK and slightly higher in the United States. Countries such as Germany and Japan have prospered even more, despite the hugely disruptive effects of war. It is likely that most Western countries reach the "target" of $ 66,000 Keynes in 2030.
But it is equally unlikely that this achievement to end the [insatiable aspiration] to get more money. Suppose, provisionally, that we walked the three quarters of the way towards the goal of Keynes. Would be expected, therefore, that the working day had fallen by two thirds. In fact, it has fallen only a third of ... and has ceased to be reduced from the 1980's.

Wednesday, February 16, 2011

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travel across Candeira



The loneliness of ventriloquists ; Tropo Editores, Zaragoza, 2008.

Before giraffes ; Pages foam, Madrid, 2011.

play this back with your hands

Candeira Matías, Before giraffes

In one of the stories of his first book, The loneliness of ventriloquists (Tropo Editores, Zaragoza, 2008), we read this paragraph: "If it rained in a manner consistent with such violence prehistoric leaks in the building seemed monsoon a landscape that continually strafed closed, which was an expedition penetrate into another reality "(p. 124). I venture to emphasize these lines as a probable poetic storytelling all the work of Matthias Candeira (Madrid, 1984), who despite his youth and has been featured several stories anthologized as one of the most thoughtful of the young explorers gender. The paragraph quoted above has three elements which, in my opinion, operate as columns of this narrative: the construction of outdoor spaces as a representation, we might say romantic - of the psyche, the success of some visual images - we might label as poetic no demerit in the partnership-and, above all, the centrifugal stress that leads to an aesthetic stories away from the realism that constitutes, in effect, as an "expedition to another reality. "

This irrational aspect (sometimes fantastic, sometimes dreamlike, surreal very rarely) in the stories of Candeira seems very suggestive and interesting. Have occurred in recent years many polarized views of the English Short Stories. Some pointed to the distinction between the children of Carver and the children of Borges. Others, the difference between writing short texts with support in the experimental (grouped into Mutantes, the anthology of Julio Ortega and Juan Francisco Ferré) and another perspective based on traditional values \u200b\u200b( XXI Century , Gemma Pellicer and Fernando Valls, no longer interesting to note that, as he saw sharply Jorge Carrión , no authors in common between the two anthologies, proposing both, according to Javier Calvo saw as totalizing ). Calvo said that the opposition between these two ways of looking distinguished fragmentary narrative realistic, and may be one way of looking, but if we talk of realism I would speak of another binary opposition. I guess it will be made over and over again, but my ignorance, I can repeat it as mine: the opposition between children Chekhov and Poe. Both authors are always in vogue in our view, even counting collective tributes published by the storytellers themselves: it is to Poe and he that of Chekhov. The more realistic wake of Chekhov, including its symbolic dimensions, extends his trail by many current texts, as well as Poe's fantasy, not obliterate its pragmatic parts detective, had barbarous offspring. There are few writers who believe that, in reality, there is no reason to waive any of these traditions. In my case I have books that could be ascribed to the first and others second, and the same is true of many colleagues. But it is true that there are writers who seem to have opted for one of the lines, even programmatically, as can be deduced from some poetic or occasional essays on gender.

Candeira is a steady advocate of absolute freedom of the text, fantasy, and various forms of irrationalism, while they may destabilize the text sometimes, will seek other unforgettable hits. So, stories like "When the refrigerator dies," "Play" or "Second Life" The loneliness of ventriloquists or "strange" or "A voice on the threshold" of Before giraffes (Pages foam, Madrid, 2011 ) I find stories written in a state of grace, showing permeability between the fantastic side of life and more everyday and vagabond. Candeira rarely puts their stories into pure fantasy, on the contrary, the situations are more common, people describing the binding of daily survival, suddenly crossed the threshold of the imaginary. His poetry, therefore, falls within a clear opposition to realism, at least to blunt realism. This is an issue (the distinction between a conscious literary realism, critical realism and the usual blunt and ignorant of their epistemological oxymorons) of which we raised in Singularities and which has extended an excellent theoretical relative very important to understand Candeira Matías, Angel Zapata. Zapata, who has been, if my data does not fail, creative writing teacher Candeira, and appears as a master or reference cited in the endnotes of his two books he had written in a certain place and with no small success that

"Realism in literature and all, is not exactly believe that 'the world is well done, as the poet said, but yes, at least, the world-for better or worse - is made once and for all: that things contain within themselves a solid core, opaque berroqueño and reality, refractory to the languages \u200b\u200band codes that shape human desire, indifferent to the historicity, deaf mystery. Realism is that tautology Cazurra says that things are what they are ... And the words, after all, nothing more than words " . [1]

And of course the narrative is hardly Candeira deaf to the mystery. Fraught with human desire, and inhumane also continually slips through passageways that lead our world to other less tangible, standardized protocol for the regulation of consciousness. In the narrative of Candeira roof is much talk but, significantly, rarely walls, unless it is to point the way to cross anywhere except the door. In some poetry has been in favor of a short story written "without depend as much on the giant whale realistic " [2] . It is also remarkable ability to understand a concept of identity as malleable and subject to metanoia, as well as his taste by the fiction to occupy the place of another ("I am them," The loneliness of the ventriloquists, p. 155; "we are you", Before giraffes, p. 42), even when the other is not a person but a monster. Because the narrative is full of monsters, if Before giraffes focuses its narrative focus Candeira figures as Dr. Octopus, no less worrying are the tenants mossy tunnels or women with ventral The loneliness of ventriloquists . The wells, canals, locks and other passages, understood as a symbolic means of penetration of the irrational in the rational (but also as "semiotic channels" to use the expression of Echo Mirrors and Other Essays ) abound in these stories, even in the preceding sections: "I saw a hole ... a hole black. The hole was opened while watching " [3] behold the appointment of Charles Burns opens Before giraffes, along with other no less explicit poet David Eloy Rodríguez and Fogwill. The literature understood as a system of communicating vessels between the real and imaginary, or rather between the real and hard real possibly that is the kernel of the aesthetics of Matthias Candeira. Remember what Nabokov said, speaking of Don Quixote:

"Art has its ways of transcending the limits of reason. I want to propose this theory: the novel would have died of laughter that his picaresque plot intended to provoke, if not containing episodes and passages that gently introduces the reader to the dreamy world of permanent art and irrational ". [4]

I think the short story also would have died without that occasional antirealist drive without the calling of diving pelagics in the worlds of the unconscious. But it is a position that does not look be right but, rather, be irrational. So do not make me much attention. [5]

Candeira is still very young writer, and his two books, as happens in many books stories, are heterogeneous, and with varying quality. Notable pieces are interspersed with other expendable as "That man there," "our future" or other supported solely on the joke, like "Assault 99. His books are still burdened with the impetuosity and boldness commendable wish you an author of his age, but the important thing is to highlight the refinements that have not yet and that experience will give him, but his natural talent, his gift for building story time beautiful and visionary, and its ability to introduce new worlds or allow us to see it the same with other, perhaps better, eyes.


( personal relationship with the author reviewed we are friends on Facebook, that is, no. Relationship with publishers: troops, no; Pages foam published my last essay.)

[1] Angel Zapata, "The Tenderness of nomadic (An introduction to the poetics of Medardo Fraile)" in Medardo Fraile, Scripture and truth, full stories ; Pages foam, Madrid, 2004.

[2] He continues: "There are more writers who love the fantasy genre, which makes me breathe easy because it is probably the genre that I feel more sympathetic" response of M. Candeira the questionnaire on the story included in Andrew Neuman (ed.), Small resistance 5. New story anthology of English (2001-2010) ; Pages foam, Madrid, 2010, p. 448.

[3] "He says his small body (...) actually contains the core of the universe, black holes in a thick immense consciousness" ( Before giraffes, p. 43).

[4] Vladimir Nabokov, course on Don Quixote (1983), Ediciones B., Barcelona, \u200b\u200b1997 135.

[5] Do not rush, I know that I never have.

Monday, February 14, 2011

How To Make Thin Can Toy Boat

conference and panel on Day 4 hours. Interview


PRESENTATION
The Peru Sociologists Association sponsored the presentation of the Conference of the architect and designer Carlos Tovar," Carlin ", on the Day Four hours, based on his book "Manifesto of the century XXI ", appeared in 2006.
The conference will include comments from a panel of Guillermo Rochabrún, sociologist, professor at the Catholic University and bestselling author, and José Carlos Ballon, philosopher, also a professor and author, director of the editions of Vice President of the University of San Marcos.
presentation will be made by Peter Paul Coppa, dean of the College of Sociologists of Peru, and Angel Diaz Paredes, coordinator of the event.
The event will take place Thursday March 3 at 7pm in the Central Hall of the Centro Cultural de San Marcos (La Casona), at University Park.
Admission is free.

FOUNDATION
After more than twenty years of technological revolution, the hopeful promises of futurists in the nineties seem increasingly far from completion.
The wonders of computers and automation are still dazzling us with new devices, faster, more compact and easier to operate and, with them, human beings have achieved a great increase in productivity.
On average, workers now produce twice as much as twenty or thirty years. But rather than reward the effort a life more pleasant and free, crazy system where we are immersed requires people to further enslave, prolonging and intensifying their journeys to extreme limits, while continuing the grim wave of mass layoffs.
This regime, as able to revolutionize the technique is, however, quite unfit to make the first sensible thing you would expect from these developments: to alleviate the daily effort of human beings, gradually releasing the burden of work.
We are the workers of the world calls to halt this monumental blunder, this blatant injustice. To achieve this, we must unite with a common flag, capable of mobilizing all to achieve a tangible goal. That particular claim
exists, and is the journey of four hours.
The four-hour day would close the huge rift between productivity and work world. Its implementation at the global level would almost immediately obtaining full employment, which, in turn, is the first and final step in the elimination of poverty in the world.
should be continued with successive reductions proportionate to the new productivity gains in the coming years so as to achieve, in a not too distant future, three days or two hours. This means, as is easy to envision a new era in the history of humanity, paving the way for our true liberation.